Analogical_Reasoning
- Represented by two objects connected by a relationship
- features of objects and values of features of objects can create similarity as well
Cross Domain Analogy
patient/laser problem relation to army/road problem
Similarity
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Superficial: deals with features, counts, objects
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Deep: deals with relationships between objects, relationships between relationships
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Semantic: conceptual similarity between target and source case
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Pragmatic: similarity of external factors, such as goals
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Structural: similarity between representational structures
Phases
Case base reasoning is very similar to analogical reasoning, but analogical reasoning has a mapping and transfer step in addition.
Retrieval
When talking about the relationship of an electron to a neutron in an atom, retrive example of planet relationship to sun in the solar system.
Type of similarity is important, see ##Similarity
case-based reasioning would likely only pull superficially similar or deeply and superficially similar analogies.
Mapping
What in the source problem pertains to what in the target problem.
Solve the correspondence problem:
- give higher-order relationships priority over lower-order relationships
- 18.11 lecture
- patient/army analogy mapping should be based on goal. Army's goal is to kill king, laser's goal is to kill tumor
Transfer
Once correspondence has been established: induce a pattern of relationships
- goal: kill king / remove tumor
- obsticle: road mines / healthy tissue
- resource: soldiers / lasers
- strategy: decompose resource, arrive at location at the same time
In a graphical representation, the vertices represent the objects and features, the edges are representing relationships
Evaluation
Evaluation can reach out to prior states, such as retrieval, mapping or transfer to help a source get closer to the goal.
Storage
Store case and solution as a source case and keep for case-based reasoning
Compound Analogy
Use parts of several analogies to combine into one source.
Issues w/ Analogical Reasoning
- different cases may not have common vocabulary
- Abstraction and transformation
- Compound and compositional analogies
- Visuospacial analogies
- Conceptual combination